最新情報

NanoWorld Millisecond dynamics of an unlabeled amino acid transporter - news

Millisecond dynamics of an unlabeled amino acid transporterMon Nov 30 2020

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are important in many physiological processes and crucial for the removal of excitatory amino acids from the synaptic cleft.*

In the article “Millisecond dynamics of an unlabeled amino acid transporter “ Tina R. Matin, George R. Heath, Gerard H. M. Huysmans, Olga Boudker and Simon Scheuring develop and apply high-speed atomic force microscopy line-scanning (HS-AFM-LS) combined with automated state assignment and transition analysis for the determination of transport dynamics of unlabeled membrane-reconstituted GltPh, a prokaryotic EAAT homologue, with millisecond temporal resolution.*

Among the bulk and single-molecule techniques, high-speed atomic force microscopy ( HS-AFM ) stands out with its ability to provide real-time structural and dynamical information of single molecules. HS-AFM images label-free molecules under close-to-physiological conditions with ~0.1 nm vertical and ~1 nm lateral imaging resolution. Furthermore, HS-AFM has typically ~100 ms temporal resolution, giving access to structure–dynamics relationship of proteins, though the achievable imaging speed depends on sample characteristics like scan size and surface corrugation.
#SingleMoleculeBiophysics #AminoAcidTransporter #videorateAFM #高速AFMカンチレバー #高速原子力显微镜 #HSAFMLS
https://www.nanoworld.com/blog/millisecond-dynamics-of-an-unlabeled-amino-acid-transporter/

NANOSENSORS Nanoscale Charge Accumulation and Its Effect on Carrier Dynamics in Tri-cation Perovskite Structures - news

Nanoscale Charge Accumulation and Its Effect on Carrier Dynamics in Tri-cation Perovskite StructuresThu Nov 26 2020

Nanoscale investigations by scanning probe microscopy have provided major contributions to the rapid development of organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHP) as optoelectronic devices. Further improvement of device level properties requires a deeper understanding of the performance-limiting mechanisms such as ion migration, phase segregation, and their effects on charge extraction both at the nano- and macroscale.

In the article “Nanoscale Charge Accumulation and Its Effect on Carrier Dynamics in Tri-cation Perovskite Structures” David Toth, Bekele Hailegnaw, Filipe Richheimer, Fernando A. Castro, Ferry Kienberger, Markus C. Scharber, Sebastian Wood and Georg Gramse describe how they studied the dynamic electrical response of Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95PbI3–xBrx perovskite structures by employing conventional and microsecond time-resolved open-loop Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM).

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NanoAndMore proudly sponsors the #AVS67 Virtual Showcase this weekTue Oct 27 2020

NanoAndMore proudly sponsors the #AVS67 Virtual Showcase this week. It is being held October 27-29 10:00 am-1:15 pm. (EDT) and covers a range of emerging topics related to #materialsprocessing and interfaces in the research and manufacturing communities. Live sessions ( the first one starts at 10 a.m. EDT today ) are available and participation is free of charge. Haven’t registered yet? Have a look at: https://avs67.avs.org

NanoWorld Molecular and nanoscale evaluation of N-cadherin expression in invasive bladder cancer cells under control conditions or GW501516 exposure - news

Molecular and nanoscale evaluation of N-cadherin expression in invasive bladder cancer cells under control conditions or GW501516 exposureMon Oct 26 2020

In the article “Molecular and nanoscale evaluation of N-cadherin expression in invasive bladder cancer cells under control conditions or GW501516 exposure” Céline Elie-Caille, Isabelle Lascombe, Adeline Péchery, Hugues Bittard and Sylvie Fauconnet, describe how they aimed at exploring the expression level of N-cadherin in invasive bladder cancer cells upon GW501516 exposure by both molecular biology techniques such as RTqPCR and Western blotting and Atomic Force Microscopy ( AFM ) using NanoWorld Pyrex-Nitride silicon nitride PNP-TR AFM tips functionalized with a monoclonal antibody directed against this adhesion molecule. *
Please have a look at the NanoWorld® blog for the full citation and a direct link to the full article.

NANOSENSORS Yeast Nanometric Scale Oscillations Highlights Fibronectin Induced Changes in C. Albicans - news

Yeast Nanometric Scale Oscillations Highlights Fibronectin Induced Changes in C. AlbicansMon Oct 19 2020

Yeast resistance to antifungal drugs is a major public health issue. Fungal adhesion onto the host mucosal surface is still a partially unknown phenomenon that is modulated by several actors among which fibronectin plays an important role. Targeting the yeast adhesion onto the mucosal surface could lead to potentially highly efficient treatments. *
In the article “Yeast Nanometric Scale Oscillations Highlights Fibronectin Induced Changes in C. Albicans” Anne-Céline Kohler, Leonardo Venturelli, Abhilash Kannan, Dominique Sanglard, Giovanni Dietler, Ronnie Willaert and Sandor Kasas, explore the effect of fibronectin on the nanomotion pattern of different Candida albicans strains by atomic force microscopy ( AFM )-based nanomotion detection and correlated the cellular oscillations to the yeast adhesion onto epithelial cells. *
Please have a look at the NANOSENSORS blog for the full citation and a direct link to the full article.

NanoWorld Electrochromic switching of tungsten oxide films grown by reactive ion-beam sputter deposition - news

Electrochromic switching of tungsten oxide films grown by reactive ion-beam sputter depositionTue Oct 13 2020

The building sector and within it the class of so-called smart windows plays an important role in terms of energy saving potential. Chromogenic thin films are crucial building blocks in smart windows to modulate the flux of visible light and heat radiation into buildings.
In “Electrochromic switching of tungsten oxide films grown by reactive ion-beam sputter deposition” Mario Gies et al. describe how Tungsten oxide thin films were grown by ion-beam sputter deposition (IBSD) and then show the possibility of influencing samples characteristics by using different preparation parameters. This allows to tune the elemental composition, optical properties or to influence the structure and the degree of crystallization in the resulting thin films.
NanoWorld® Pointprobe® SEIHR AFM probes designed for soft non-contact mode imaging were used for the AFM investigations described in the cited article. https://www.nanoworld.com/pointprobe-seiko-instruments…
Please have a look at the NanoWorld blog for the full citation and a link to the full article
https://www.nanoworld.com/blog/electrochromic-switching-of-tungsten-oxide-films-grown-by-reactive-ion-beam-sputter-deposition/
 

NANOSENSORS Multi-Channel Exploration of O Adatom on TiO2(110) Surface by Scanning Probe Microscopy - news

Multi-Channel Exploration of O Adatom on TiO2(110) Surface by Scanning Probe MicroscopyTue Oct 06 2020

In the article “Multi-Channel Exploration of O Adatom on TiO2(110) Surface by Scanning Probe Microscopy” Huan Fei Wen, Yasuhiro Sugawara and Yan Jun describe how they studied the O2 dissociated state under the different O2 exposed temperatures with atomic resolution by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and imaged the O adatom by simultaneous atomic force microscopy (AFM)/scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).*

The effect of AFM operation mode on O adatom contrast was investigated, and the interaction of O adatom and the subsurface defect was observed by AFM/STM. Multi-channel exploration was performed to investigate the charge transfer between the adsorbed O and the TiO2(110) by obtaining the frequency shift, tunneling current and local contact potential difference at an atomic scale. The tunneling current image showed the difference of the tunneling possibility on the single O adatom and paired O adatoms, and the local contact potential difference distribution of the O-TiO2(110) surface institutively revealed the charge transfer from TiO2(110) surface to O adatom. The experimental results are expected to be helpful in investigating surface/interface properties by SPM. *

Iridium-coated ultrastiff AFM cantilever SD-T10L100 from the NANOSENSORS Special Developments List (typical Force constant 2 000 N/m) were used in the presented study.

The cantilever tip was first degassed at approximately 650 K for 30 min and then cleaned by Ar ion bombardment to remove the contaminants, prior to the measurements. Features of the surface structure were related to the charge states of the tip apex, and a stable tip was essential to accurately characterize the surface structure and properties in the experiment. The imaging mode became stable in AFM experiments when the metal-coated Si cantilever was employed in the experiments. *

Please have a look at the NANOSENSORS blog for the full citation and a direct link to the full article.

NanoWorld Influence of orientation and ferroelectric domains on the photochemical reactivity of La2Ti2O7 - news

Influence of orientation and ferroelectric domains on the photochemical reactivity of La2Ti2O7Mon Sep 28 2020

In the article “Influence of orientation and ferroelectric domains on the photochemical reactivity of La2Ti2O7” Mingyi Zhang, Paul A. Salvador and Gregory S. Rohrer describe how they measured the effects of crystal orientation and ferroelectric domain structure on the photochemical reactivity of La2Ti2O7. *
The reactivity is greatest on (001) surfaces (this is the orientation of the layers in this (110)p layered perovskite structure) while surfaces perpendicular to this orientation have the least reactivity. Complex domain structures were observed within the grains, but they appeared to have no effect on the photocathodic reduction of silver, in contrast to previous observations on other ferroelectrics. La2Ti2O7 is an example of a ferroelectric oxide in which the crystal orientation has a greater influence on the photochemical reactivity than polarization from the internal domain structure. *
NanoWorld™ conductive Platinum Iridium coated Arrow-EFM AFM probes were used for the Piezo-force microscopy (PFM) that was used to determine the ferroelectric domain structure on the surface. * https://www.nanoworld.com/electrostatic-force-microscopy…
The ferroelectric domains on the surface were found to have irregular shapes and there was no correlation between the pattern of silver reduction and the domain shape. The results indicate that the ferroelectric polarization of La2Ti2O7 does not alter the reactivity enough to overcome the influence of the anisotropic crystal structure. *
Please have a look at the NanoWorld blogpost for the full citation and a direct link to the full article.

NANOSENSORS Macroscopic manifestation of domain-wall magnetism and magnetoelectric effect in a Néel-type skyrmion host - news

Macroscopic manifestation of domain-wall magnetism and magnetoelectric effect in a Néel-type skyrmion hostTue Sep 22 2020

In the article “Macroscopic manifestation of domain-wall magnetism and magnetoelectric effect in a Néel-type skyrmion host” Korbinian Geirhos, Boris Gross, Bertalan G. Szigeti, Andrea Mehlin, Simon Philipp, Jonathan S. White, Robert Cubitt, Sebastian Widmann, Somnath Ghara, Peter Lunkenheimer, Vladimir Tsurkan, Erik Neuber, Dmytro Ivaneyko, Peter Milde, Lukas M. Eng, Andrey O. Leonov, Sándor Bordács, Martino Poggio and István Kézsmárki report a magnetic state in GaV4Se8 which emerges exclusively in samples with mesoscale polar domains and not in polar mono-domain crystals.*
It is manifested by a sharp anomaly in the magnetic susceptibility and the magnetic torque, distinct from other anomalies observed also in polar mono-domain samples upon transitions between the cycloidal, the Néel-type skyrmion lattice and the ferromagnetic states. *
The authors ascribe this additional transition to the transformation of distinct magnetic textures, confined to polar domain walls (DW), to the ferromagnetic (FM) state. The emergence of these DW-confined magnetic states is likely driven by the mismatch of different spin spirals, hosted by the adjacent domains. A clear anomaly in the magneto-current indicates that the DW-confined magnetic states also have strong contributions to the magnetoelectric response. *
The authors expect polar DWs to commonly host such confined magnetic edge states and, thus, offer a fertile ground to explore novel forms of magnetism. *
To characterize the polar domains and to estimate the density of DWs in GaV4Se8, K. Geirhos et al. combined several complementary scanning probe microscopy techniques, including non-contact atomic force microscopy ( nc-AFM ), scanning dissipation microscopy ( SDM ), and frequency-modulated Kelvin-probe force microscopy ( KPFM ). *
In attempt to observe spin cycloidal and Néel-type skyrmion textures within polar domains of GaV4Se8, only evidenced by small-angle neutron scattering measurements so far43, the authors of the article also carried out magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements. A second purpose of the MFM study was to explore possible magnetic states confined to the vicinity of DWs, as reported in GaV4S8. *
NANOSENSORS™ SSS-QMFMR high resolution magnetic AFM probes for ultra high vacuum conditions were used for the magnetic measurements with scanning probe microscopy. * https://www.nanosensors.com/supersharpsilicon-high-quality…
NANOSENSORS™ conductive wear-resistant Platinum Silicide AFM probes of the PtSi-FM type were used for all other measurements described in the article. * https://www.nanosensors.com/platinum-silicide-force…
Please have a look at the NANOSENSORS blog for the full citation and a direct link to the full article.

NanoWorld Carbon nanotube porin diffusion in mixed composition supported lipid bilayers - news

Carbon nanotube porin diffusion in mixed composition supported lipid bilayersTue Sep 15 2020

Lipid membranes play a key role in living systems by providing a structural barrier that separates cellular compartments. Bilayer fluidity in the lateral plane is a key property of lipid membranes, that allows the membrane to have sufficient flexibility to accommodate dynamic stresses, shape changes and rearrangements accompanying the cellular lifecycle.*
In the article “Carbon nanotube porin diffusion in mixed composition supported lipid bilayers” Kylee Sullivan, Yuliang Zhang, Joseph Lopez, Mary Lowe and Aleksandr Noy describe how they used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the behavior of CNTPs in a mixed lipid membrane consisting of DOPC lipid with a variable percentage of DMPC lipid added to it. HS-AFM data reveal that the CNTPs undergo diffusive motion in the bilayer plane.*
Motion trajectories extracted from the HS-AFM movies indicate that CNTPs exhibit diffusion coefficient values broadly similar to values reported for membrane proteins in supported lipid bilayers. The data also indicate that increasing the percentage of DMPC leads to a marked slowing of CNTP diffusion. MD simulations reveal a CNTP-lipid assembly that diffuses in the membrane and show trends that are consistent with the experimental observations. *
The above-mentioned study confirms that CNTPs mimic the major features of the diffusive movement of biological pores in lipid membranes and shows how the increase in bilayer viscosity leads to a corresponding slowdown in protein motion. It should be possible to extend this approach to studies of other membrane protein dynamics in supported lipid bilayers. The authors note that those studies, however, will need to be mindful of the challenge of unambiguous visualization of the membrane components, especially in systems that incorporate smaller proteins, such as antimicrobial peptides. Another challenge that could complicate these studies would be microscopic phase separation of the lipid matrix that could lead to complicated pore dynamics in the membrane. *
NanoWorld Ultra-Short AFM cantilevers with high-density carbon/diamond-like carbon (HDC/DLC) AFM tips of the USC-F1.2-k0.15 type were used for the high-speed atomic force microscopy described in the article. * https://www.nanoworld.com/Ultra-Short-Cantilevers-USC-F1.2…
Please have a look at the NanoWorld blog for the full citation and a direct link to the full article.

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